ANP元协议协商流程 | 智能体通信协议动态选择机制
ANP元协议协商流程 | 智能体通信协议动态选择机制
元协议协商流程
元协议是ANP的核心创新之一，允许智能体动态协商使用哪种应用协议进行通信。本文档详细介绍元协议协商的完整流程、消息格式和实现策略，帮助开发者理解和实现智能体间的协议协商。
协商流程概述
ANP元协议协商是智能体建立通信前的关键步骤，完整流程包括以下阶段：
- 初始化接触：首次建立连接
- 能力发现：交换支持的协议和能力
- 协议评估：评估共同支持的协议
- 协议选择：选择最适合当前任务的协议
- 参数协商：协商协议的具体参数
- 协议确认：双方确认最终选择
- 通信启动：使用选定协议开始通信
详细协商步骤
1. 初始化接触
当两个智能体首次需要通信时，发起方会发送元协议初始化消息：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "initialize",
"messageId": "msg-12345-abcde",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:00Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"purpose": "data-exchange",
"requestCapabilities": true
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}2. 能力发现
接收方回应初始化请求，提供其支持的协议和能力：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "capabilities-exchange",
"messageId": "msg-67890-fghij",
"sender": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"recipient": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"replyTo": "msg-12345-abcde",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:10Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"supportedProtocols": [
{
"id": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"version": "1.0",
"capabilities": ["query", "stream", "batch"],
"preferenceScore": 0.9,
"metrics": {
"latency": "low",
"throughput": "high",
"reliability": "medium"
}
},
{
"id": "anp:protocol:task-delegation:2.1",
"version": "2.1",
"capabilities": ["assign", "monitor", "report"],
"preferenceScore": 0.7,
"metrics": {
"latency": "medium",
"throughput": "medium",
"reliability": "high"
}
}
],
"contextInfo": {
"resourceAvailability": "high",
"connectionType": "stable",
"preferences": ["efficiency", "security"]
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}发起方回应自己的能力，完成双向交换：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "capabilities-exchange",
"messageId": "msg-13579-klmno",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"replyTo": "msg-67890-fghij",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:20Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"supportedProtocols": [
{
"id": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"version": "1.0",
"capabilities": ["query", "stream", "transform"],
"preferenceScore": 0.8,
"metrics": {
"latency": "medium",
"throughput": "high",
"reliability": "high"
}
},
{
"id": "anp:protocol:knowledge-graph:1.2",
"version": "1.2",
"capabilities": ["query", "update", "reason"],
"preferenceScore": 0.95,
"metrics": {
"latency": "medium",
"throughput": "medium",
"reliability": "high"
}
}
],
"contextInfo": {
"resourceAvailability": "medium",
"connectionType": "intermittent",
"preferences": ["accuracy", "completeness"]
},
"taskRequirements": {
"dataVolume": "large",
"timeConstraint": "relaxed",
"securityLevel": "standard"
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}3. 协议评估
双方交换能力后，基于共同支持的协议和任务需求进行评估，发起方提出评估结果：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "protocol-evaluation",
"messageId": "msg-24680-pqrst",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:30Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"matchedProtocols": [
{
"id": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"compatibilityScore": 0.85,
"capabilities": ["query", "stream"],
"suitabilityForTask": 0.9,
"rationale": "Both parties support data sharing with high throughput"
}
],
"evaluationMetrics": {
"taskAlignment": 0.88,
"performanceEstimate": 0.82,
"resourceEfficiency": 0.75
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}4. 协议选择
基于评估结果，发起方提出协议选择建议：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "protocol-proposal",
"messageId": "msg-97531-uvwxy",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:40Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"proposedProtocol": {
"id": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"version": "1.0",
"requiredCapabilities": ["query", "stream"],
"optionalCapabilities": ["batch"],
"rationale": "Best match for current data exchange requirements"
},
"fallbackProtocol": {
"id": "anp:protocol:basic-transfer:1.1",
"version": "1.1",
"requiredCapabilities": ["send", "receive"],
"rationale": "Fallback for minimal functionality"
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}接收方对提议进行响应：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "protocol-response",
"messageId": "msg-86420-zabcd",
"sender": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"recipient": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"replyTo": "msg-97531-uvwxy",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:05:50Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"response": "accept",
"acceptedProtocol": {
"id": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"version": "1.0",
"providedCapabilities": ["query", "stream", "batch"],
"comments": "Can provide batch capability as optional enhancement"
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}5. 参数协商
选定协议后，双方协商具体参数：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "parameter-negotiation",
"messageId": "msg-13579-efghi",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:06:00Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"protocol": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"parameters": {
"maxMessageSize": 1048576,
"compressionFormat": "gzip",
"encryptionLevel": "AES-256-GCM",
"streamingMode": "chunked",
"chunkSize": 65536,
"responseTimeout": 30000
},
"extensions": {
"priorityLevels": true,
"deliveryGuarantee": "at-least-once"
}
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}接收方协商参数响应：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "parameter-response",
"messageId": "msg-97531-jklmn",
"sender": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"recipient": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"replyTo": "msg-13579-efghi",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:06:10Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"protocol": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"acceptedParameters": {
"maxMessageSize": 1048576,
"compressionFormat": "gzip",
"encryptionLevel": "AES-256-GCM",
"streamingMode": "chunked",
"chunkSize": 32768,
"responseTimeout": 45000
},
"extensions": {
"priorityLevels": true,
"deliveryGuarantee": "at-least-once"
},
"comments": "Modified chunk size due to resource constraints and increased timeout"
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}6. 协议确认
发起方确认最终参数：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "protocol-confirmation",
"messageId": "msg-24680-opqrs",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:06:20Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"protocol": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"finalParameters": {
"maxMessageSize": 1048576,
"compressionFormat": "gzip",
"encryptionLevel": "AES-256-GCM",
"streamingMode": "chunked",
"chunkSize": 32768,
"responseTimeout": 45000
},
"extensions": {
"priorityLevels": true,
"deliveryGuarantee": "at-least-once"
},
"sessionId": "session-xyz-123456789",
"expiresAt": "2024-03-20T16:06:20Z"
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}接收方接受确认：
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "confirmation-acknowledgment",
"messageId": "msg-86420-tuvwx",
"sender": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"recipient": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"replyTo": "msg-24680-opqrs",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:06:30Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"protocol": "anp:protocol:data-sharing:1.0",
"status": "ready",
"sessionId": "session-xyz-123456789",
"readyAt": "2024-03-20T15:06:35Z"
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}7. 通信启动
协议确认后，双方使用选定的协议开始通信。第一条消息使用选定的应用协议：
{
"type": "data-sharing",
"action": "query",
"messageId": "ds-12345-abcde",
"sender": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"recipient": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"sessionId": "session-xyz-123456789",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:06:40Z",
"payload": {
"query": "SELECT * FROM dataset WHERE category='AI' LIMIT 100",
"format": "json",
"priority": "normal"
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}协商策略与算法
协议匹配算法
ANP元协议使用多因素评分算法来选择最佳协议：
- 共同能力匹配：计算双方共同支持的能力集合
- 任务需求匹配：评估协议对当前任务需求的适合度
- 性能指标考量：考虑延迟、吞吐量、可靠性等性能因素
- 偏好权重：应用双方声明的协议偏好权重
- 上下文因素：考虑网络条件、资源可用性等环境因素
匹配评分计算公式：
Score = (CapabilityMatch * 0.3) +
(TaskAlignment * 0.3) +
(PerformanceMatch * 0.2) +
(PreferenceScore * 0.15) +
(ContextualFit * 0.05)动态适应策略
ANP元协议支持在通信过程中动态调整协议选择：
- 性能监控：持续监控当前协议性能
- 阈值触发：当性能低于特定阈值时触发重新协商
- 增量调整：优先考虑参数调整而非完全更换协议
- 平滑过渡：确保协议切换时会话状态正确迁移
错误处理
常见错误情况
- 不兼容协议：双方没有共同支持的协议
- 协商超时：协议协商过程超时
- 协议版本冲突：支持相同协议但版本不兼容
- 参数协商失败：无法就协议参数达成一致
- 验证失败：消息签名验证失败
错误处理策略
{
"type": "meta-protocol",
"action": "error",
"messageId": "err-12345-abcde",
"sender": "did:anp:987654321ihgfedcba",
"recipient": "did:anp:123456789abcdefghi",
"replyTo": "msg-13579-efghi",
"timestamp": "2024-03-20T15:07:00Z",
"payload": {
"version": "1.0",
"errorCode": "PARAM_NEGOTIATION_FAILED",
"errorMessage": "Cannot support requested encryption level",
"details": {
"parameter": "encryptionLevel",
"requested": "AES-256-GCM",
"supported": ["AES-128-GCM", "ChaCha20-Poly1305"]
},
"suggestedAction": "renegotiate",
"retryAfter": 0
},
"signature": "eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImI2NCI6ZmFsc2UsImNyaXQiOlsiYjY0Il19..."
}优化技术
协商优化
- 缓存历史协商：记住之前成功的协商结果
- 预测性协商：基于历史模式预测最可能的协议
- 简化协商：对于常见场景使用简化协商流程
- 批量协商：一次协商多个可能使用的协议
性能考量
- 消息大小优化：最小化元协议消息大小
- 并行处理：支持并行评估多个协议选项
- 异步协商：允许在协商期间继续其他处理
- 增量能力交换：按需提供更详细的能力信息
实现建议
元协议组件架构
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 元协议管理器 │
├──────────────┬───────────────┬───────────┤
│ 协议注册表 │ 协商引擎 │ 会话管理 │
├──────────────┼───────────────┼───────────┤
│ 能力管理器 │ 消息处理器 │ 策略引擎 │
└──────────────┴───────────────┴───────────┘实现步骤
- 设计协议注册表：用于注册和管理支持的协议
- 实现协商状态机：处理协商过程中的状态转换
- 构建消息处理器：处理元协议消息的序列化和验证
- 开发评分算法：实现协议匹配和评分算法
- 创建会话管理：管理协商会话和协议上下文
代码示例（伪代码）
class MetaProtocolNegotiator {
private supportedProtocols: Protocol[];
private activeSessions: Map<string, NegotiationSession>;
private preferences: ProtocolPreferences;
// 初始化协商
async initiateNegotiation(targetAgent: DID, purpose: string): Promise<string> {
// 创建会话ID
const sessionId = generateUUID();
// 创建并存储会话
const session = new NegotiationSession(sessionId, targetAgent, purpose);
this.activeSessions.set(sessionId, session);
// 发送初始化消息
const initMessage = this.createInitializeMessage(targetAgent, purpose);
await this.sendMessage(initMessage);
return sessionId;
}
// 处理接收到的消息
async handleMessage(message: MetaProtocolMessage): Promise<void> {
validateMessage(message);
const { action, sender, replyTo, payload } = message;
// 根据消息类型处理
switch (action) {
case 'initialize':
await this.handleInitialize(message);
break;
case 'capabilities-exchange':
await this.handleCapabilitiesExchange(message);
break;
case 'protocol-evaluation':
await this.handleProtocolEvaluation(message);
break;
// ... 处理其他消息类型
}
}
// 评估协议匹配度
private evaluateProtocols(
localProtocols: Protocol[],
remoteProtocols: Protocol[],
taskRequirements: TaskRequirements
): ProtocolEvaluation[] {
const matches: ProtocolEvaluation[] = [];
// 查找共同支持的协议
for (const local of localProtocols) {
const remote = remoteProtocols.find(p => p.id === local.id);
if (remote) {
// 计算能力交集
const sharedCapabilities = intersection(local.capabilities, remote.capabilities);
// 计算匹配分数
const score = this.calculateMatchScore(local, remote, sharedCapabilities, taskRequirements);
matches.push({
protocol: local,
sharedCapabilities,
compatibilityScore: score,
remoteMetrics: remote.metrics
});
}
}
// 按分数排序
return matches.sort((a, b) => b.compatibilityScore - a.compatibilityScore);
}
// ... 其他方法实现
}总结
ANP元协议协商是智能体通信的关键初始步骤，通过其动态协商机制，智能体能够自动选择最适合当前任务和环境的通信协议。这种灵活性使得智能体能够高效适应各种通信场景，实现从简单的数据交换到复杂的协作任务的各种需求。
通过本文档介绍的协商流程、消息格式和实现策略，开发者可以构建符合ANP标准的元协议协商机制，为智能体通信奠定坚实基础。